Hypersensitivity (type 1 allergy) means that one reacts differently on naturally occurring proteins than other people do. The body’s immune system forms suddenly antibodies directed against specific topics that others can tolerate.
Exposure to as allergy to one of the proteins called allergens activates the immune system:
-White blood cells (B lymphocytes) forms IgE antibodies (a kind of “antidote or immune substance”) to the allergen.
-The antibodies attach themselves to the outside of the allergy cells’ cell wall (membrane).
-The body is thus better able to fight the allergen next time you are exposed to it, as it now takes less time to detect the allergen in the body. This process is called sensitization.
What happens during an allergic reaction?
The hypersensitivity reaction every time one is exposed to the allergen. The allergen binds to the antibodies on the allergy cells’ cell wall (membrane).
The interconnection between allergy cell and antibody causes the allergy cell’s small stock (beads) of substances (including histamine) that elicits the reaction itself is released into the organism.
Depending on how much and was somewhere on the body one is exposed to the allergen, it triggers one or more of hypersensitivity diseases, such as hay fever, asthma or hives.
What does histamine in allergy?
Histamine dilates blood vessels so that the mucous membrane swelling due to fluid escaping into the tissue. It also stimulates the mucus-producing glands such as the nose and respiratory tract (nose running).
Along with histamine is also released substances that make the muscles in the airways to constrict, the airways become narrower and you have trouble breathing out – you get an asthma attack. Histamine also causes the unpleasant itch.
What is an allergen?
Various microscopically small, naturally occurring proteins that stimulate allergic to form antibodies (immune substances).
The most common substances that cause allergies are:
-Fur animals such as dogs and cats.
-Pollen from weeds, grasses, flowers and trees.
-Mold and mildew fungi.
-Mites
Are there other things that cause allergic attack?
Yes, allergy sufferers have highly sensitive mucous membranes that can be easily irritated by many different substances, such as tobacco smoke, pollution, cooking smells, perfume and strong odors. All these factors can cause and exacerbate a hypersensitivity reaction.
Is intolerances and allergies usual?
The tendency for hypersensitivity is often hereditary. Suffering from one or both parents or anyone else in the immediate family of hypersensitivity is a risk of children developing any allergy. Prevention is breastfeeding and that at an early age are not exposed to tobacco smoke or damp indoor environments.
How does the doctor make the diagnosis of hypersensitivity?
Often it is enough to tell you when, how and where to get symptoms. You can then, if necessary, investigate further by using various blood tests and skin tests, and if it is suspected asthma do you also have a pulmonary function test.
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