The classical form, autistic disorder , requires a number of diagnostic criteria met, but there are also variants that usually called atypical autism and some rarer forms such as Rett syndrome and childhood disintegrative disorder . In normal talented individuals with autism talk about Asperger’s syndrome . We also talk about autistic traits in individuals who do not meet the classic diagnostic criteria, and this can be borderline with personality disorders can be difficult. A generic term for all these variants are autism spectrum disorders .
Anyone who is autistic has varying degrees difficulties to participate in social interaction, communication with other people and be able to see that they are different and may have different needs and interests than they had. This does not necessarily mean that the ability to empathize completely missing, but this can often take on specific and sometimes to the world of bizarre expressions and guided by a desire for control that can border on obsession. Other characteristics of autistic people are flaws in the imagination, usually in the form of concrete thinking with difficulty to perceive nuances and subtleties of language, facial expressions and gestures, and the development of restricted behaviors, interests and activities that may seem difficult for outsiders to understand and manage.
The onset of autism
In an early interpretation of the causes of autism was considered the social upbringing environment to be dominant. Although environmental factors may be more or less favorable, considered today to deficiencies or abnormalities in brain development as the most important factors in the onset of autism.
The brain’s construction and development is a delicate and complicated process that can be disrupted by various causes. The earliest the disturbances can occur during pregnancy due to the examples of abnormalities in genes or chromosomes. Some heredity is the increased incidence of autism in some families. The child’s brain can be damaged by congenital metabolic diseases or infections during fetal life and also influenced by the mother’s own diseases. Childbirth is another critical time as the neonatal period. The child may be very premature or exposed to severe stresses affecting the blood supply to the brain associated with a difficult birth. In many cases there is no clear explanation for why the disturbance in brain development occurred.
The research has so far only been able to clarify some aspects of autism, and especially the clinical symptomatology. It is believed that people with autism spectrum disorder have an abnormal brain function that leads to the processing and interpreting signals from the environment differently than other people. Basically, these disturbances in the frontal lobes, although other parts of the brain also interact in thought processes. Anyone who is autistic is difficult to see and interpret the context of a whole, but can instead develop a tremendous eye for detail that can also lead to the development of specific interests with extensive knowledge in depth but not width. An autistic person can know a great many facts in their specialist fields, but typically difficult to make analytical connections and assessments. An autistic person may also have difficulty with a targeted flexible behavior, to plan / organize, conduct and manage and assess the time. Difficulties also includes frequently flexibility in attention and adaptability.
Genetics is now considered to play a major role in the development of autism, called the biological explanatory model, but the exact relationships are complicated. Autism spectrum concept reflects this heterogeneity. Many scientists believe that the problems of socio-communicative and emotional interaction is linked to all these behaviors are dependent on many subsystems of the brain “communicate” well with each other, and to just “communication” between the various subsystems of the brain may be affected by autism . Such a complex system is the mirror neuron system (eng: Mirror Neuron System) that includes temporal, parietal and frontal lobe. This system is believed to be of great importance for the development of both social interaction and communication, and one theory is that it may be damaged in autism. An acclaimed Swedish study of normally developing infants indicates that the mirror neuron system develops before the age of one.
Behavior in autism
To be diagnosed with autism must exhibit limitations and repetition of behavior, interests or activities. Autistic people may indulge in activities in a repetitive and monotonous manner, such as to line up things consecutively or spin on things, over and over again. Something they rarely engage in spontaneous games or role playing. Snapshots at things or at errant behavior is common in those with autism, because often occur routines that must be repeated in the same way each time. It is believed that this helps to structure life and reduce anxiety, and a deviation from these procedures can cause an outbreak of confusion, anger or despair. Changes, such as an object is swapped, it can at all be a difficult thing to handle for one person with autism. Children who are normal or välbegåvade may as older engulfed by repetitive special interests and others’ birthdays, schedules, the population of a country’s municipalities and the like (“savant skills”). It is also common that children with autism often and for no apparent reason waving or clapping with their hands, rock back and forth and walking on tiptoe (stereotypies, self-suggestion, tics).
Feelings
Autistics often have difficulties to express, perceive, reflect on and use emotions. Sometimes they express strong emotional reactions, sometimes they express no reaction at all.
Talent and Autism
The endowment in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), varies from person to person. The majority of persons with Autistic Syndrome (AD), however, even a developmental disability. Hans Asperger, who described Asperger’s Syndrome (AS), a form of autism, said that AS / HFA (High-functioning Autism) “is autism in individuals with normal to high varied talent who may have abnormal language development.” AD can in this sense be seen as a combination of ASD and lower ability. Something that is common for people with ASD is that it has a very strong interest in a limited amount of pursuits which can lead to specialized skills that is in marked contrast to other difficulties.
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